369th Infantry

• Also known as the Harlem Hellfighters, got the name hellfighters from the Germans 
• led by inexperienced black and white officers 
• first served under the Americans then moved to the French 
• they named themselves the "Men of Bronze" 

• earned the Cross of War from the French 
• two men took on 24 Germans 
• first African American regiment to enter the AEF
• treated badly by other units and white officers 

• they brought jazz to Europe by playing with the French during times that they were not fighting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
• they were used for laborers to earn their way to become real american soldiers
• they earned their way to become soldiers by hard work and not giving up  

WWI Questions

11.       When and why did WWI begin, and who were the combatants?                                                                         WWI started in 1914 and Austria-Hungry, Belgium, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, China, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Montenegro, Ottomen Empire, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Serbia, and the U.S. were all combatants of WWI.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2. .       When and why did the US get involved in WWI?                                                                                             The U.S. got involved in WWI in 1917 because the U.S. had been trading with many of these countries already in the war but after Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare eventually caused the U.S. to enter the war.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3.  What were the casualty rates for the various countries involved?                                                                                                   

Country	Total Mobilized Forces	Killed	Wounded	Prisoners and Missing	Total Casualties	Casualties as % of Forces
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
Russia	12,000,000	1,700,000	4,950,000	2,500,000	9,150,000	76.3
British Empire	8,904,467	908,371	2,090,212	191,652	3,190,235	35.8
France	8,410,000	1,357,800	4,266,000	537,000	6,160,800	73.3
Italy	5,615,000	650,000	947,000	600,000	2,197,000	39.1
United States	4,355,000	116,516	204,002	4,500	323,018	7.1
Japan	800,000	300	907	3	1,210	0.2
Romania	750,000	335,706	120,000	80,000	535,706	71.4
Serbia	707,343	45,000	133,148	152,958	331,106	46.8
Belgium	267,000	13,716	44,686	34,659	93,061	34.9
Greece	230,000	5,000	21,000	1,000	27,000	11.7
Portugal	100,000	7,222	13,751	12,318	33,291	33.3
Montenegro	50,000	3,000	10,000	7,000	20,000	40.0
TOTAL	42,188,810	5,142,631	12,800,706	4,121,090	22,062,427	52.3
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
Germany	11,000,000	1,773,700	4,216,058	1,152,800	7,142,558	64.9
Austria-Hungary	7,800,000	1,200,000	3,620,000	2,200,000	7,020,000	90.0
Turkey	2,850,000	325,000	400,000	250,000	975,000	34.2
Bulgaria	1,200,000	87,500	152,390	27,029	266,919	22.2
TOTAL	22,850,000	3,386,200	8,388,448	3,629,829	15,404,477	67.4
GRAND TOTAL	65,038,810	8,528,831	21,189,154	7,750,919	37,466,904	57.5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4.       When and why did WWI end?                                                                                                                     The war ended in 1918 but was  not formally over until the Treaty of Versailles was sign on June 28th, 1919.  It ended because the Germans surrendered on November 11th, 1918. 

Great White Fleet Postcards

http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/First_Leg_Jamestown_Page.html
Dear Grandpa,
    I decided to take your advice by joining the navy.  Since I could not find a college that I wanted to or get into this had seemed like the right thing to do.  So I took your advice to heart and here I am now in Hampton Roads, Virginia.  As I am one day from leaving on December 16th, 1907 there is no returning home now, so I hope you were right about me trusting your great advice and wisdom.

Love your grandson
James

Dear Mom and Dad,
      I still wanted you all to know that that I am doing fine in the navy so far and I am glad that i stuck with Grandpa's advice about doing this because I have come to like being out at sea.  We are stopped in Honolulu, Hawaii you would think that it would be nice here but from a sailors view here it is not fun because all we are doing i stopping for coal to refuel.  The worst thing about the ship is the amount of heat coming from the lower portion of the coaling room of the ship.  The heat is almost unbearable during the hot months.  Other than that everything has been fine so far.

Love your son,

James

http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/A%20GWF%20set%20of%20Photos/South%20Pacific/New%20Zealand/Empire%20Cards/CB-Card-View-of-Harbor-Davenport.jpg
Dear Family,
    This month was the first somewhat dangerous part of this trip so far that I have been through yet.  Last week before went came to Auckland, New Zealand the ship ran straight into the middle of a typhoon.  It was very frightening to be caught in such a big storm, but I kept faith in my captain, ship, and fellow sailors to get us through the storm alive.  We had managed to get through the storm fine with almost no damage and we thought it was a miracle.  I hope that this will be the last of these storms.

Love your son and brother,
James

Dear Family,

      I am writing to you all so soon again because I could not wait to tell about the amazing sight of Sydney, Australia.  We were greeted at night on August 20th, by boats to guide or way to the harbor when we pulled up to the harbor we were greeted by so many people it was overwhelming.  I could not believe my eyes  when i saw all of the people holding signs and waving flags to greet us as we pulled in. They had seemed so enthusiastic to see us there.

Love,
James

http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/A%20GWF%20set%20of%20Photos/Asian%20Deplomacy/Japan/American_Pacific_Squadron-Minnesota.jpg
Dear Mom and Dad,

      I was hoping not to send you another letter like this but we ran right into another huge storm on the way to Japan this time.  This one frightened me more than the last one because we ended up losing one fellow soldier in a another boat. But other than that we are fine and now we arrived in japan on October 19th.  Japan is full of small shops with beautiful silk items that i will be bringing home with me with some of the money that I have made so far.

http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/China_Bell_jpg_view.htm
Dear Family,

      We have now gone through Japan the place I was most worried about going to and now moving on the China. Our boat met up with Chinese boat called the Fei-ying, to greet us to Amoy Hrabor.  The Chinese were very inviting with offering a dinner for our captian to eat with their Prince.  So far we ahve not had any mishaps since the storms near Japan and hope not to encounter anymore.

Love,
James

Dear Grandpa,

       I wanted to thank you for your great advice on going to the navy again.  This has been a wonderful experience for me so far. If you had not told me this who knows what I would be doing with my life.  And i know understand to why I should always follow you're advice this was the best decision of my life.  We are now in Colombo, Ceylon.   This place has been the only place with out very much welcoming but just another coaling place.

Love
James

Dear Family,
       We have now entered the Mediterranean  and are in Athens, Greece on January 11th.  We were one of the very few ships that were able to enter the Harbor because it was so difficult to get in and out of.  Most ships had to break up an go to the smaller ports so all the ships could fit.  This will be our second to last trip and then we will be heading home to states.  I can not wait to see the entire family, I have missed everybody so much.

Love
James

Spanish American War Political Cartoons

In this political cartoon is showing a U.S. ship and the bigger looking Americans are treating these Filipino kids very brutally with the whip and having the guns pointed at them.  The words are telling that the Filipino people are being punished for just being Filipino and for no real good reason. 

NRA

The Effect of The NRA in Urban Life

The NRA or National Rifle Association was founded by two northern Civil War soldiers because they thought that the Civil War was so long because most urban northerners could not fire a weapon very well.  The first president was Ambrose Burnside, who was an old northern army general.  In the early stages of the NRA it mainly focused on firearm safety, accuracy, and recreational shooting.

From the start to today the NRA has been trying to educate and familiarize the urban citizens of the United States with guns.  Early leaders of the NRA noticed that U.S. citizens needed to be more familiar with guns.  To help citizens the U.S. government agreed with the NRA about their thoughts of getting urban people more familiar with guns.  So, the NRA and the government were both very influential in the decision making of laws and such about guns.  Both of them knew that to have a stronger military then it would be better to have every soldier know how to shoot a gun before they came into the military.

The U.S. government wanted to play a role not by just their influ
ence through the NRA.  So the government had almost organized fifty different rifle clubs that were not part of the NRA by 1907.  In each of these rifle clubs in 1907 the average amount was about three thousand members per club.  Around 1904 the government had nearly three hundred thousand boys being instructed in rifle shooting throughout the U.S.  The government was taking a huge step in the process of getting more citizens familiar with guns.

The NRA mainly focused on targeting the youth of the United State because they could make a better future.  In 1903 the NRA  targeted youth by going through colleges, rifle clubs, and military camps to start competitive shooting. This way the youth would want to start using guns while teaching them the safety of them as well.  By 1906 there were more than two hundred competitors competing with in the NRA.  This would be a great start to getting the youth of the United States stronger with guns.

The main way that the NRA targeted the younger people was by getting competitive shooting started in the schools around the U.S.  In 1909, the NRA held the first national youth shooting competition.  It was called the Interscholastic Rifle Match, it was for any school that took their top ten shooters to the competition.  Each shooter got ten shots from fifty yards in three different positions.  With this contest it gave the idea for kids to have another way to have a competition to get them to start using guns more.  

For the NRA to  improve the knowledge of guns in  the U.S. it took a long process to get to the way that Americans know about guns.

1st president of the NRA, Ambrose Burnside

NRA logo

Sources

 http://www.alternet.org

This site helped me understand how the NRA became the way that it was from the start to how it was when it is today.

.

http://www.nrahq.org

  This site gave me the information and the back round knowledge to fully get what the NRA stood for at the time.

http://timerime.com

This site provided me with a timeline of important events In the NRA or that the NRA was associated with, giving me the topics that led me to my points throughout my essay.

http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov  

This newspaper article gave me the information about the governments role in the creation and choices of the NRA, to help make the changes that were needed within the U.S.

http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov

This newspaper article provided me with the start of the NRAs first real outreach towards children and firearms throughout the U.S.

Carnegie Questions

Carnegie believed that education was the way for people to progress in the world, instead of just giving but giving them the knowledge needed to do it on their own.  You can tell this by the way that Carnegie gives and creates money for his institutions that all he wants is to benefit the world.  I think that the way that Carnegie used his money was a great idea because it helps people get started off better before they need the other help.  I would do almost what Carnegie did, by giving the money to foundations that prepare kids not to get in a situation where the help from other organizations.  

This photo was taken at a Minnesota Vikings football of Levi Horn during one of his drills. 

This photo is a health center in Lame Deer on the Northern Cheyenne-Montana Reservation where Levi is from.

This is a picture of Levi Horn when he was on the Chicago Bears.

Neill Luther

History

Blogger post

           

            One Native American by the name of Levi Horn had a dream to one day play in the NFL and become a role model in the Native American community.

   Levi Horn was born in the Northern Cheyenne- Montana Tribe and raised in Lame Deer located on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. Living on a reservation is very hard. Most people that live on the reservation are very poor including Levi’s family. The reservation where he was from was the worst reservation because of the health care system that was in Lame deer in the area that Levi lived in. Levi knew that reservations were not a very good place to live in from experience, so he wanted to do something about it.

   Levi got recruited by the University of Oregon but left very fast because of playing time to the University of Montana near the reservation where he grew up. This was not common for many Native Americans to go to college. This was the start for Levi to become a role model for the Native American community.

   But Levi wanted to become more of an influence by doing something that almost no native American have done or are currently doing and that was to be part of the National Football League (NFL). Once he made his way into the NFL he knew that it was his chance to be able to make a difference.

   To make a difference in the native community, Levi went back to reservations to talk to kids about how it doesn’t matter if you are a Native American is that if you work hard then your capable of doing anything He also wanted to help the overall community because he knew that the conditions of reservations are so bad.

http://www.ndnsports.com/2012/08/07/vikings-ol-hoping-to-help-native-americans/

This was the most important site that I used for this project it gave me the most information that I could use for my project.  It gave me information about where he was from to his life in college to how he got to be in the NFL.

 http://www.ihs.gov/billings/index.cfm?module=bao_su_n_cheyenne

This site provided me with the information about Levi's home reservation.

http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/03/15/native-offensive-lineman-levi-horn-cheyenne-out-shock-world-148201

This site gave me the an idea about what happened throughout his life to get to where he is today.